What is federalism?

• A. A system where power is centralized in the national government only.
• B. Division of power between national and state governments.
• C. A government run by a monarchy.
• D. Complete independence of cities.

Answer: (B)

Federalism is a system in which authority is shared between a central national government and regional governments. The national government handles broad, nationwide responsibilities—like defending the country and regulating matters that cross state lines—while states manage local concerns such as schools and public safety. Some powers are held by both levels, and both can tax and pass laws within their spheres, though national law can prevail in certain areas when the Constitution says so. This division keeps national priorities coordinated while allowing local innovation and control, preventing too much power from concentrating in one place. It’s different from a centralized system that puts all power in the national government, it isn’t a monarchy, and it doesn’t mean cities stand completely apart from the rest of the country.